A. The Middle Colonies featured a large amount of ethnic and linguistic diversity, which only increased due to religious tolerance as this facilitated the immigration of members of numerous Protestant groups. Around these private yards, workers housing, taverns, churches, and shops developed to form a vibrant riverfront community. Britannica does not review the converted text. In response to harassment by Britain, President Thomas Jefferson placed an embargo on all trade with that country, hoping to resolve the conflict by economic means rather than by force. Moreover, the Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Corporation (founded in 1916) of Marcus Hook, below Philadelphia, the Pennsylvania and New Jersey (later Pusey and Jones) Shipyard of Gloucester City, New Jersey, just below Camden, and the federal shipyard of Pennsylvania on Hog Island, below the city, constructed tankers, cargo ships, and troop transports. New England traded fish, furs, and timber, but initially British merchants did not actively seek these products. These difficulties in New England provided the impetus for the development of the shipbuilding industry; born out of necessity, it rapidly became an important facet of the economy. a trade network limited to the American colonies in which New England, the middle colonies, and the southern colonies exchanged region-specific goods B. an international trade system that relied on the transportation of enslaved Africans, manufactured goods from Europe, and agricultural commodities from the Americas These traditions would continue up into the Revolutionary War-era, as many Southern colonists organized Loyalist militias that fought under the British flag. B. usually seen as the responsibility of family and church. C. She lived a life of utter extravagance, spending large amounts of money on her family home and often traveling to Antigua. Encyclopedia of the New American Nation. WebA. D. in harmony with the local Indian tribes. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997. It launched the first (and only) nuclear-powered merchant ship Savannah and signed government contracts to construct nuclear submarines. Which of the following statements accurately describes the middle colonies? By 1720 there were at least a dozen shipyards in Philadelphia and the surrounding waterfront producing wooden sailing ships of up to 300 tons. Moreover, strong tides and winds made sailing up the river to Philadelphia before the age of the steamboat very difficult. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1996. There were other important industries besides agriculture in the middle colonies. European ethnic groups as manifold as English, Swedes, Dutch, Germans, Scots-Irish and French lived in closer proximity than in any location on continental Europe. Geography contributed significantly to the types of industries that were found in the Middle Colonies because the land in the modern-day states of Delaware, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania They were located south of the New England colonies of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. Penn intended the colony to be a refuge for Quakers and other religious minorities. New York Ship and the Philadelphia Navy Yard stayed alive for years with government contracts. The controversy reflected the social division and anxieties within the village. This also prepared the firm to build the first great battleship during the Civil War, New Ironsides, and several innovative iron turret ships (monitors) for the U.S. Navy in its battle against Confederate ironclads. E. presence of God in nature. C. Pennsylvania. In addition to showing one of the biggest shipbuilding operations in the region, this photograph also provides some legitimacy to Suns claim to be the most diverse shipbuilding company. The Philadelphia Navy Yard: From the Birth of the U.S. Navy to the Nuclear Age. In the years before the Civil War, the William Cramp (1807-79) & Sons Ship and Engine Building Company began assembling wooden sloops, tugs, schooners and passenger ships, many powered by steam. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. An Examination of Philadelphias Early Waterfront through the Archeology of the Hertz Lot. Many different types of work were related to the shipbuilding industry including carpenters, joiners, sail makers, barrel makers, painters, caulkers and blacksmiths. In 1868 the City of Philadelphia sold the 923-acre League Island, located in South Philadelphia at the bottom of Broad Street, to the United States government for the bargain price of one dollar. The yard built two great battleships New Jersey and Wisconsin, and over fifty warships including innovative torpedo (PT boats) and fast aircraft carriers. Many small privately owned yards simply ceased to construct boats or ships. An abundant supply of Pennsylvania coal promoted steam powered technology most notably development of the railroad across the river in New Jersey (the Camden and Amboy Railroad) and in Pennsylvania. The three regions were recognized as the New England Colonies, the Middle Colonies, and the Southern Colonies. The approach of troubles with Great Britain in the 1760s, though, connected in part to American colonial violations of British navigation laws and maritime regulations, threatened Philadelphias shipbuilding primacy. New York and Philadelphia grew at a As early as the 1640s Swedish boat builders fabricated several small craft on the Delaware River in their short-lived New Sweden colony, but large-scale shipbuilding started when William Penn (1644-1718) settled his great proprietary grant of Pennsylvania between 1681-1682 with skilled Quaker artisans and maritime merchants escaping the religious persecution (sufferings) in old Britain and seeking economic opportunity in the New World. The lumber and shipbuilding industries were also successful in the Middle Colonies because of the abundant forests, and Pennsylvania was moderately successful in the textile and iron industries. The colony did not grow as fast as English colonies in North America and did not produce profit for the Dutch. WebThe Colonial era was in some ways the golden age of Philadelphia shipbuilding, with master shipbuilders and carpenters including Joshua Humphreys (1751-1838), Manuel Eyre (1736-1805), the Wharton family, and Penrose brothers designing and building fast coastal sailing ships and Atlantic brigantines. As the Cramps yard expanded, it became a modern industrial plant, incorporating all the latest technology in propulsion, steam engines and hull design, and iron siding. In contrast to the South where the cash crop plantation system dominated, and New England whose rocky soil made large-scale agriculture difficult, The middle colonies were fertile. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. ofGreaterPhiladelphia. Jefferson and the Republicans advocated a coastal defense and a gunboat navy and refused to fund the deepwater navy of larger warships, while in 1807 instituting an Embargo against all but coastal American shipping. As affairs moved toward protest and then revolt, Philadelphia became the center of a Continental Congress that required naval defense. The Kensington yard was, thus, in a perfect position to join the large contracts that the government issued to construct the New Navy to compete in the late 19th-century world of imperialism. In March 2000 the City of Philadelphia once again took ownership of the almost 1,000-acre retired Navy Yard and began plans to transform the industrial relic into a mixed-use complex of 115 companies, parks, restaurants, a golf course, and commercial shipbuilders. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. But the yard could not support a nuclear navy since during World War II an accident in the uranium enriching plant on base had forecast the potential for a nuclear accident in the Delaware Valley. The middle colonies contained Native American tribes of Algonkian and Iroquois language groups as well as a sizable percentage of African slaves during the early years. Many English, Dutch, Germans, Scots, Scotch-Irish, and Swedes settled in the Middle colonies. But if war stimulated shipbuilding, the postwar era and accompanying economic depression devastated the industry in Philadelphia. C. increasing education and sophistication of backwoods settlers. Although Puritans led a strict lifestyle in many ways, they did. C. William Tennent. Copyright 2008-2022 ushistory.org, owned by the Independence Hall Association in Philadelphia, founded 1942. At the same time, the Philadelphia Navy Yard, now on League Island, built modern dry docks, machine shops, and other support facilities, making it competitive with private shipyards. During World War II the Sun Shipbuilding Company of Chester, Pennsylvania, expanded and added twenty shipways for construction of Naval vessels and extended over 1.5 miles across the riverfront. B. denial of God's existence. Enlightenment thinkers such as Isaac Newton stressed the Nearly 12,000 African Americans and 2,800 women worked at the facility. Additionally, due to the proximity of the Chesapeake Bay, many colonists participated in maritime trades like fishing or shipbuilding. In 1849 Cramps launched Caroline, the fastest propeller driven vessel in the world. D. increasing role of emotionalism in religion. THE TEXT ON THIS PAGE IS NOT PUBLIC DOMAIN AND HAS NOT BEEN SHARED VIA A CC LICENCE. While the Chesapeake region was characterized by its religious diversity, the rest of the Southern Colonies were largely uniform in their beliefs. Follow Backgrounders on Twitter A. With thei, MOLASSES ACT, a British law put into effect on 25 December 1733, laid prohibitive duties of six pence per gallon on molasses, nine pence per gallon o, Shinui Party ("Movement for Change," in Hebrew), Work: Artisans and Crafts Workers, and the Workshop, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/shipbuilding-industry-0, Navigation Acts, Economic Burden on the American Colonies (Issue). With enormous forests nearby, many Middle Colony towns made names for themselves with shipbuilding. While a large harbor and port city were established in the town of Charleston, South Carolina, the region was defined by large estate plantations maintained by slaves. In 1801, the Southwark yard became the location of the first Philadelphia Navy Yard. WebNew England's two most profitable industries were: fishing and shipbuilding Because of the shipbuilding industry, New England colonists were able to use the fishing banks off Newfoundland What was the result of New England's fishing and shipbuilding industries? D. She managed profitable indigo plantations even while married and signaled the possibility of women taking on economic leadership roles. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! National Archives and Record Administration. Shipbuilding was important as well. After translating an article, all tools except font up/font down will be disabled. 2 vols. Cramp Shipbuilding Company revived momentarily, as well, with 18,000 employees that produced more than forty naval vessels, mostly light cruisers, ocean tugs, and submarines. However, after the brief revival of shipbuilding during the Federalist era, Philadelphia maritime prominence fell on hard times. He established a government in which citizens elected representatives to an assembly that made the laws. Benjamin Franklin emphasized the Enlightenment in his Thus, the vastly different classes of the aristocratic plantation owners and small peasant farmers were brought together in their common racism. E. cotton. The lush forests and woods established a massive lumber industry that supported shipbuilding. They geographically and culturally stood between the New England and southern colonies. Died August 24, 1967 A. ability of reason to discover the laws of the universe. WebThe Middle Colonies had much fertile soil, which allowed the area to become a major exporter of wheat and other grains. Elements of both New England towns and sprawling country estates could be found. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps. Heinrich, Thomas R. Ships for the Seven Seas: Philadelphia Shipbuilding in the Age of Industrial Capitalism. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. A new, third level of content, designed specially to meet the advanced needs of the sophisticated scholar. C. churches The main economic activities of the Middle Colonies included agriculture and farming due to longer growing seasons and rich, fertile land. From the arrival of the first colonists to the formation of the new nation, America relied on the sea for subsistence, transportation, commerce, and communication. American Colonies: The Settling of North AmericaBy: Alan Taylor, Colonial America: A History to 1763By: C. Richard Middleton and Anne Lombard, The Island at the Center of the World: The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony That Shaped AmericaBy: Russell Shorto, American Jezebel: The Uncommon Life of Anne Hutchinson, the Woman Who Defied the PuritansBy: Eve LaPlante, A Voyage Long and Strange: Rediscovering the New WorldBy: Tony Horwitz. They practiced a variety of religions, all of which were freely accepted by others. A variety of tradesmen were needed to complete a ship, including additional shipwrights, joiners, caulkers, painters, sawyers, carvers, and plumbers. Note in the background a billboard for Sun Shipbuilding boasting 30 years of Progressive Activity above five images of increasingly larger ships. B. A. Jonathan Edwards. The wars of the French Revolution created problems for American neutral trade. Furthermore, large forests in the Middle Colonies gave rise to the lumbering, shipbuilding and paper-making industries. The main economic activities of the Middle Colonies included agriculture and farming due to longer growing seasons and rich, fertile land. The Middle colonies were situated north of the Southern colonies of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. This website uses cookies to help deliver and improve our services and provide you with a much richer experience during your visit. Because of the ready availability of timber, American vessels were usually less expensive than those built in England, making them popular with British shipowners. B. promising to reinforce traditional Puritanism. This spawned the creation of two distinct social classes throughout the Southern Colonies: a wealthy aristocratic class of large landowners, and the modest substance farmer. Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). 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