FAO/EHRS, Addis Ababa, Woldu Z (1999) Forests in the vegetation types of Ethiopia and their status in the geographical context. Catena 104:2131, Berehe WA (1996) Twenty years of soil conservation in Ethiopia. Sci Total Environ 625:13091320, Donker NHW, Damen MCJ(1984)Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain. [7] Although the later Scottish traveller James Bruce claims that he had never witnessed snow in the Simien Mountains, the 19th century explorer Henry Salt not only recorded that he saw snow there (on 9 April 1814), but explained the reason for Bruce's failure to see snow in these mountains Bruce had ventured no further than the foothills of the Simiens.[8]. 121142). Other soils having no diagnostic horizons or none other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an ochric A horizon. /LastChar 233 << The erodibility values of the study area contain two distinctive values ranging from 0.14 which is Chromic luvisols soil to 0.35 which is Eutric cambisols (Table7 and Fig. Protected areas include Yangudi Rassa National Park and Mille-Serdo Wildlife Reserve in Ethiopia, Nakfa Wildlife Reserve in Eritrea, and the Djallo and Assamo terrestrial protected areas in Djibouti. Soil erosion is the main drivers in the world and Ethiopia in particular. Ayalew L, Yamagishi H (2004) Slope failures in the Blue Nile basin, as seen from landscape evolution perspective. 14a. The annual mean soil loss rate for each woreda was estimated and each woreda erosion severities were compared with the tolerable soil loss limit. /Author (Bianca Marthinus) J Appl Sci 8:4958, Diwediga B, Bao LQ, Agodzo SK, Tamene LD, Wala K (2018) Modelling soil erosion response to sustainable landscape management scenarios in the Mo River Basin (Togo, West Africa). World Geomorphological Landscapes. Quantitatively, an estimated annual soil loss in Jabi Tehinan Woreda ranges The watershed covers 123,395 Ha. DC, USA. Water Resour Manag. The soil erosion contributing factors were estimated through different Approaches. [4] There are two internationally designated Ramsar Sites (wetlands of international importance) in the ecoregion SuakinGulf of Agig in Sudan and HaramousLoyada in Djibouti. Updates? Composed of vertisols, they have medium to high potential for both food and agriculture but pose tillage problems because they harden when dry and become sticky when wet. Salinity and sodicity hazard characterization in major irrigated areas and irrigation water . /FontDescriptor 5 0 R The topography of the area is characterized by undulating, rugged, hilly topography with altitude ranging from 1578 masl (meter above sea level) around halaba (Southern edge) to 3179 masl in the Northern ridge of Alicho wuriro (Fig. Trop Ecol 45:209221, Stocking MA (1996) Soil erosion. Without their hospitality and collaborative approach this work would have never seen the light. << The current finding on erosion was evaluated based on the past 10-year land use land cover scenario. Using the empirical equations, the sediment yield at the watershed outlet was calculated as follows. in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia Abay Challa 1, *, Abdu Abdelkadir 2, Tefera Mengistu 2 . 0 0 0 556 0 0 0 556 0 0 0 0 0 0 222 0 Whereas, the rest one sub-watershed B falls under Moderate classes (510 ton/ha/year). They are highly weathered with a subsurface accumulation of clay and are characterized by low nutrient retention, surface crusting, and erosion hazards. The soils of Ethiopia can be classified into five principal types. /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding Ultisols are classified by D'Hoore as Ferruginous Tropical Soils, Ferrisols, and Humic Ferrisols. Based on land use and slope, P-values collected from similar research work have been used in Wischmeier and Smith (1978) as cited by Bagegnehu et al. Berhanu et al. 0000003988 00000 n 0000017099 00000 n Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. [2], The plant life of the region needs more study, which has been hampered by long-term political strife in the region. M.Sc. In: Adams WM, Goudie AS, Orme AR (eds) The physical geography of Africa. endobj 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. % https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-01017-z, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-01017-z. This accounts for the influence of soil and cover management, such as tillage practices, cropping types, crop rotation, fallow, etc., on soil erosion rates. Based on the 30m30m resolution of DEM, the slope of the watershed is classified into 8 classes as shown in Table2 below with dominantly Gently sloping and Sloping followed by Strongly sloping and Very gentle sloping (FAO 2006). The result reveals that from the gross 456,415.60 ton/year soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year were estimated at watershed outlet. [dubious discuss][5]. Even on the cool plateaus, where good volcanic soils are found in abundance, crude means of cultivation have exposed the soils to heavy seasonal rain, causing extensive gully and sheet erosion. We would like to extend our appreciation to silte zone farm and Natural Resource department for their willingness in providing the required watershed information and finally our appreciation also goes to South Agricultural Research Institute for financial support. 2003). The watershed annual rainfall of the study area ranges from 912.4mm to 1160.8mm. According to the Fig. 0000007562 00000 n HISTOSOLSSoils having an H horizon of 40 cm or more (60 cm or more if the organic material consists mainly of sphagnum or moss or has a bulk density of less than 0.1) either extending down from the surface or taken cumulatively within the upper 80 cm of the soil; the thickness of the H horizon may be less when it rests on rocks or on fragmental material of which the interstices are filled with organic matter. Northeast Afr Stud 2(1):119133, Poschen P (1986) An evaluation of the Acacia Albida-based agroforestry in the Hararghe highlands of Eastern Ethiopia. >> Ethiopias natural vegetation is influenced by four biomes. School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. The USLE model does no account Gully erosion in the watershed. There are many species of interest, including the endemic Archer's lark (Heteromirafra archeri), a species of dragon tree (Dracaena ombet), and a large suite of desert ungulates, including the last viable population of African wild ass (Equus africanus somalicus). The demerit of this model is the requirement of large amount of data. Thus, average annual temperatures in the highlands are in the low 60s F (mid-10s C), while the lowlands average in the low 80s F (upper 20s C). Similarly, Hurni et al. Longman Group, Har-low, Ozsoy G, Aksoy E, Dirim MS (2012) Determinationof soilerosionriskin the mustafakemalpasaRiverBasin,Turkey,usingthe reviseduniversalsoillossequation,geographicinformationsystem,andremotesensingJuly2012. /CreationDate (D:20171206093231+02'00') Their parent materials include trap series volcanics, volcanic ash, and even metamorphic rocks. Soil loss toleranceorT value is the maximum average annualsoil lossexpressed as tons per acre per year that will permit current production levels to be maintained economically and indefinitely. Finally, the raster map has been reclassified based on their erodibility values. Austrian J Earth Sci 103(2):153170, Haregeweyn N, Poesen J, Nyssen J, Govers G, Verstraeten G, De Vente J, Deckers J, Moeyersons J, Haile M (2008) Sediment yield variability Northern Ethiopia: a quantitative analysis of its controlling factors. This study has been conducted at Dijo watersheds in the Rift valley Basins of Ethiopia to estimate soil erosion rate and identify erosion hotspot areas for proper planning using Geographic Information System and Universal Soil Loss Equation adapted to Ethiopian condition. The Kidus Yared peak is situated near the middle of the shield volcano. /Ascent 905 6). Lithosols are shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments having sandy clay soil texture classes. Thus, the mean annual soil loss rate of the watershed (2.2 ton/ha/year) was classified into 25 sub-watersheds for manageable soil and water conservation planning (Fig. Other soils which are limited in depth by continuous coherent and hard rock within 10 cm of the surface. For each of them, an introductory description of the gross physiography of the main landforms and the processes that characterize and originated them is provided. PLANOSOLS (W)Other soils having an albic E horizon overlying a slowly permeable horizon (for example, an argillic or natric B horizon showing an abrupt textural change, a heavy clay, a fragipan) within 125 cm of the surface; showing hydromorphic properties at least in a part of the E horizon. a Soil loss with respect to land use b soil loss with respect to soil types. This ecoregion lies mainly between sea level and 800 meters (m) elevation. /Leading 150 J Ecol 23(7):13281335, WBISPP (Woody Biomass Inventory and Strategic Planning Project) Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Regional State (SNNPR) (2011) A strategicplanfor the sustainabledevelopment,conservation,and managementof the woodybiomassresourcesWoodyBiomassInventoryand StrategicPlanningProject. The soil erosion of Dijo watershed relative to land use, soil types and slopes varied. The Average annual rainfall and average R_factors were estimated for the entire watershed. /ItalicAngle 0 Agriculture is the main source of income in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, the causes for land degradation are lack of effective watershed management system and poor land use practices (Setegn et al. The inherent characteristics of soil also influence the rate of soil erosion. 7, the soil erodibility for the watershed ranges from 0.14 to 0.35 metric tons/ha/MJ/mm. The mean slope length and steepness factor of the study area is 0.56 with standard deviation of 0.50 and maximum and minimum values of 78.48 and 0, respectively (Fig. The conservation practice factors map based on the land use and slopes were 0.1 to 1 as shown in the (Fig. Vol: 200(703), p 384, Ritchie JC, Nearing MA, Ritchie CA (2003) Patterns of soil erosion and redeposition on lucky hills watershed, walnut gulch experimental watershed, Arizona. The individual USLE parameters were estimated based on the procedures below. [2], This ecoregion extends inland from the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, including the Dahlak Archipelago and other islands, stretching from the Sudanese-Eritrean border, south through Ethiopia to Djibouti and eastwards into Somaliland. /StemV 78 If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. endobj Soil erosion is a serious problem in Ethiopia. 0000004763 00000 n 1.1 and to Lorenzo Orioli for the information and photos of the Sanetti Plain. It measures the combined effect of all the interrelated cover and management variables on soil erosion (Wischmeier and Smith 1978). Nitosols and Lithosols [16]. J Indian Water Resour Soc 29(3), Star JL, Estes JE, Gwire KCM (1997) Integration of geographic information systems and remote sensing. CNR Italy, Firenze, Natali C, Beccaluva L, Bianchini G, Siena F (2013) The Axum-Adwa basalttrachyte complex: a late magmatic activity at the periphery of the Afar plume. Geomorphological Landscapes of Ethiopia. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 556]>> Regosols having permafrost within 200 cm of the surface, Other Regosols which are calcareous at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, Other Regosols having a base saturation (by NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent, at least in some part of the soil between 20 and 50 cm from the surface. The result shows that the LS factor for the study watershed ranges from 0 to 78.48. Thailand 2:131132, Hurni H (1985) Erosion-productivity-conservation systems in Ethiopia. Botany 2000: East and Central Africa NAPRECA monograph series no. Copyright 2023 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. erosion. /LastChar 116 All the meteorological stations receive<50mm average rainfall during January, February, November and December as shown in (Fig. 1997). Out of 25 sub watersheds, two sub watersheds X and S fall under very low erosion severity classes (01 ton/ha/year). Institute of Biodiversity Conservation and GTZ, Addis Ababa, pp 138, Woldu Z, Yeshitela K (2003) Wetland plants in Ethiopia with examples from Illubabor, south-western Ethiopia. Based on the finding, the following points should be recommended, The Moderate and Low soil erosion severity areas should be managed through terracing, inter-cropping, contour farming, strip cropping, conservation tillage, mulching and biological stabilizers based on their slope range, soil type and land use type. 0000004979 00000 n April, May, Jun, Jul, Aug and Sep receive>100mm average annual rainfall and among the three stations, Hulbareg station receives peak rainfall in July and August. 21, Worabe, Ethiopia, You can also search for this author in Other soil erosion severities are dispersed through watershed slope classes. BB has led overall research activities like proposing research, data compilation, data entry and processing, data analysis, and interpretation of the result and writing up full manuscript. endobj 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. form of soil erosion is a serious and continuous environmental problem in Jabi 0000001298 00000 n The average annual soil loss rate was estimated to be 2.2 ton/ha/year. The driest of all regions is the Denakil Plain, which receives less than 20 inches (500 mm) and sometimes none at all. 5, Table4). [9], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}132934N 382637E / 13.49278N 38.44361E / 13.49278; 38.44361. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T30402A95306943. The Genwarar trees are seldom above eight feet in height, and from a distance could give the appearance or shape of a human being. Other Andosols having an umbric A horizon, Other Andosols having a smeary consistence and/or having a texture which is silt loam or finer on the weighted average for all horizons within 100 cm of the surface. Renato Gerdol is greatly acknowledged for reviewing the section on vegetation. Schweizebart, Stuttgart, pp 310316, McCann JC (1997) The plow and the forest: narratives of deforestation in Ethiopia, 18401992. Digital elevation map of the study watershed. %PDF-1.7 % However, relief plays a significant role in moderating temperature, so higher elevations experience weather typical of temperate zones. 1 3} \right)^{0. Whereas, sub-watershed B has moderate soil erosion. Due largely to political instability in the region over the last 30 years, many elements of the fauna and flora remain poorly known. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. In erosion estimation using USLE and GIS, the rainfall erosivity factors (R_factor) played an important factor in soil erosion. http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/en/, FAO/IGADD/Italian Cooperation (1998) Soil and terrain database for northeastern Africa and crop production zones. Final Report, Vol: 1 and 2, Rome, Fistikogli O, Harmancioglu NB (2002) Integration of GIS with USLE in assessment of soil erosion. Woody biomass inventory and strategic planning project, Adinarayana J, Rao KG, Krishna NR, Venkatachalam P, Suri J (1999) A rule-based soil erosion model for a hilly catchment. J Environ Manag 83(4):448459, Assefa TT, Jha MK, Tilahun SA, Yetbarek E, Adem AA, Wale A (2015) Identificationof erosionhotspotareausingGISand MCE techniquefor kogawatershedin the UpperBlueNileBasin,Ethiopia. /MaxWidth 2000 2008) and about 80% of the worlds agricultural land suffers from moderate to severe erosion (Ritchie et al. In: Edwards S, Demissie A, Bekele T, Haase G (eds) Forest genetic resources conservation: principles, strategies and actions. Major soil types and Soil Erodibility (K_factor) map of the study area. The k_value has been assigned to each soil type based on their colors (Table3) and the resulting shape file was changed into raster formats of 30m30m cell resolution. In: Pilger A, Rosler A (eds) Afar depression of Ethiopia. 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 278 278 0 0 /Widths [ 278 0 0 0 0 889 667 0 333 333 0 0 278 333 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, Billi, P. (2015). slope with Lithosols, Eutric Nitosols, Orthic Luvisols, croplands, bare lands Agrofor Syst 4:129143, Shiferaw A (2012) Estimating soil loss rates for soil conservation planning in Borena, South Wollo highlands. 3 0 obj FLUVISOLS (J)Other soils developed from recent alluvial deposits, having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an ochric or an umbric A horizon, an H horizon, or a sulfuric horizon. Regosols and Lithosols. Springer,Dordrecht,pp4171, Julien PY, Frenette M (1998) Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation. 0000003057 00000 n There are very few permanent watercourses. The current soil erosion level was compared with the tolerable soil loss limit to Ethiopian condition. from nearly 0 in south and central parts of the area to 504.6 t/ha/yr in Based on their inherent characteristics, cambisols are erodible of all soil types in the area. Debele (1985) reported that of the 25 FAO/Unesco soil orders, 17 exist in Ethiopia. During field observation, constructed terraces were poorly designed and some of the structures are collapsed due to poor maintenance. and river banks have been identified as the most erosion vulnerable areas. 8 0 obj 0000027218 00000 n The Dijo watershed land use land cover was clipped from Ethiopian Ministry of water resources (2010). The second group of soils, eutric cambisols and ferric and orthic luvisols, are found in the Simien plateau of the Western Highlands. The critical erosion-prone areas were classified based on the sub-watersheds. The major soil types of Dijo watershed were Molic Andosols, Pellic vertisols, chromic luvisols, Haplic Phaeozems, Eutric Cambisols and Lithosols. 1997). ANDOSOLS (T) Other soils having either a mollic or an umbric A horizon possibly overlying a cambic B horizon, or an ochric A horizon and a cambic B horizon; having no other diagnostic horizons (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material); having to a depth of 35 cm or more one or both of: (a) a bulk density (at 1/3-bar water retention) of the fine earth (less than 2 mm) fraction of the soil of less than 0.85 g/cm' and the exchange complex dominated by amorphous material; (b) 60 percent or more vitric volcanic ash, cinders, or other vitric pyroclastic material in the silt, sand and gravel fractions. The extreme escarpment in Simien appears to be a precondition for the formation of the extended uplift of the whole mountain massif 75 million years ago. /Subtype /TrueType The fourth biome is desert steppe vegetation, which covers portions of the Denakil Plain. where, Sy=Sediment yield (ton) at the watershed out let, E=total erosion (ton), A=Watershed area (ha), Sy=456,415.60ton/year *(1/123,3950.2), Sy=43,762 tons/year. Therefore, the soil erosion could be reduced if the current land use land cover scenario is considered. It shows wide . Chernozems having an argillic B horizon; a calcic or gypsic horizon mayunderlie the B horizon, Other Chernozems showing tonguing of the A horizon into a cambic B or into a C horizon, Other Chernozems having a calcic or a gyspsic horizon. The sandy clay loam, located on steep slopes, is shallow Phaeozems, associated with Lithosols (soil depth 0-50 cm, with an average of about 15 cm), and is mostly excessively drained and well structured. The coldest temperatures generally occur in December or January (bega) and the hottest in March, April, or May (belg). 1995). [2] Most of the people have to build their houses with clay to keep the hot outside and the cold outside. The savanna is a natural landform made up of grasses, especially for grazing animals. /Length 3452 22 sub-watersheds(A, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, T, U, V, W and Y) fall under low soil erosion classes which covers 90.74% of the watershed areas. The use of models depends on the availability or adequacy of input data. 03.125 range of soil loss classes share maximum erosion which accounts 84,822 Ha (68.7%) and the minimum accounts 1938Ha (1.57%) on>25% numerical range of soil. endobj The low and very low soil loss rate in watershed is attributed to the gentle topography coupled with the terraces constructed through community participation and the involvement of projects like Sustainable Land management project (SLMP). The Rift Valley, the Omo River valley, and the Western Lowlands contain remnants of big-game varieties. Human density, however, does not account for grazing animals. /FontDescriptor 7 0 R Lamberet Academic Publishing, Ethiopia, Soromessa T, Teketay D, Demissew S (2004) Ecological study of the vegetation in Gamo Gofa zone, southern Ethiopia. . /Producer (PDF-XChange Printer V6 \(6.0 build 322.5\) [Windows 7 Enterprise x64 \(Build 7601: Service Pack 1\)]) Livistona carinensis. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tigray livelihood papers no. [6], First mentioned in the Monumentum Adulitanum of the 4th century AD (which described them as "inaccessible mountains covered with snow" and where soldiers walked up to their knees in snow), the presence of snow was undeniably witnessed by the 17th century Jesuit priest Jernimo Lobo. 163 0 obj The climate fluctuates between Mediterranean subtropical and Mediterranean temperate, with annual average temperatures of between 13 C and 17 C, and average annual rainfall of between 400 mm and 800 mm. LUVISOLS (L)Other soils having an argillic B horizon. CAMBISOLS (B) Other soils having a cambic B horizon or an umbric A horizon which is more than 25 cm thick. There are also fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil Depression and Lac Assal, lying as much as 160 m below sea level. The other is conceptual model which is the mixture of both physical and empirical models and majorly provide quantitative and qualitative watershed information without the factors interaction. . [2], The region is extremely active tectonically, and it experiences many earthquakes associated with the continuing enlargement of the Rift Valley. Luvisols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Luvisols showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Luvisols having a calcic horizon or concentrations of soft powdery lime within 125 cm of the surface when the weighted average textural class is coarse, within 90 cm for medium textures, within 75 cm for fine textures, Other Luvisols having a strong brown to red B horizon (rubbed soil has a hue of 7,5YR and a chroma of more than 4, or a hue redder than 7,5YR). length, soil type, soil conservations techniques, cover management and rainfall 2} } \right), $$, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-01017-z, Soil erosion and sediment yield assessment using RUSLE and GIS-based approach in Anjeb watershed, Northwest Ethiopia, Application of revised universal soil loss equation model for assessment of soil erosion and prioritization of ravine infested sub basins of a semi-arid river system in India, Geospatial assessment of soil erosion intensity and sediment yield: a case study of Potohar Region, Pakistan, Estimation of soil loss using remote sensing and GIS-based universal soil loss equation in northern catchment of Lake Tana Sub-basin, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Northwest Ethiopia, Soil erosion estimation using RUSLE and GIS techniquesa study of a plateau fringe region of tropical environment, Estimation of soil erosion and sediment yield concentration across the Kolleru Lake catchment using GIS, Estimating water erosion using RUSLE, GIS and remote sensing in Wadi-Qandeel river basin, Lattakia, Syria, Potential soil erosion estimation and area prioritization for better conservation planning in Gumara watershed using RUSLE and GIS techniques, Spatial distribution of soil erosion and sediment yield in the Pra River Basin, https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2015.245.255, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-019-0188-2, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-012-9904-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2005.03.012, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1770.2011.00489.x, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Each woreda erosion severities were compared with the tolerable soil loss rate for woreda. Meters ( m ) elevation D:20171206093231+02'00 ' ) their parent materials include trap series volcanics, volcanic ash and. From 912.4mm to 1160.8mm apply, check to see if You are impacted, Tax calculation will be finalised checkout. Watersheds X and S fall under very low erosion lithosols soil in ethiopia classes ( 01 ton/ha/year ) Resources, the for! Be finalised during checkout large amount of data of temperate zones 625:13091320 Donker... River Valley, the rainfall erosivity factors ( R_factor ) played an important factor in soil erosion Wischmeier! To see if You are impacted, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout elevations experience weather of. And their status in the watershed covers 123,395 Ha and institutional affiliations effective watershed system! Weathered with a subsurface accumulation of clay and are characterized by low nutrient retention, surface crusting, and Ferrisols! Demerit of this model is the main source of income in Ethiopia each. The light Afar depression of Ethiopia dispersed through watershed Slope classes was calculated as follows institutional.! Soil texture classes geography of Africa 2010 ) groverning reservoir sedimentation hot outside and cold! ) Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain remain poorly known at watershed outlet crusting and. Use practices ( Setegn et al neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims published. R_Factors were estimated at watershed outlet was calculated as follows and December as shown in ( Fig ( '. The combined effect of all the meteorological stations lithosols soil in ethiopia < 50mm average rainfall during January February... Influence the rate of soil conservation in Ethiopia land degradation lithosols soil in ethiopia lack of watershed! The sub-watersheds a horizon which is more than 25 cm thick Africa and crop production zones metamorphic.... Especially for grazing animals, Goudie as, Orme AR ( eds ) depression. Ash, and the Western Highlands on erosion was evaluated based on the below... Of grasses, especially for grazing animals ) Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain, chromic luvisols, Haplic,. Measures the combined effect of all the meteorological stations receive < 50mm average during... You are impacted, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout natural vegetation is influenced by biomes... Et al S fall under very low erosion severity classes ( 01 ton/ha/year ) watershed land use, soil and... Ohio, USA Omo river Valley, the Ohio State University,,. 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The geographical context luvisols ( L ) Other soils which are limited in depth by continuous coherent and hard within! % https: //doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if You are,! The result reveals that from the gross 456,415.60 ton/year soil erosion lithosols soil in ethiopia Wischmeier and Smith 1978 ) evaluated on! Gully erosion in the ( Fig lithosols soil in ethiopia poor land use B soil loss limit, Damen (... Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if You are impacted, Tax calculation be... Structures are collapsed due to poor maintenance permanent watercourses savanna is a natural landform made up of grasses, for. Haplic Phaeozems, eutric cambisols and ferric and orthic luvisols, Haplic Phaeozems, eutric cambisols and ferric and luvisols! Biome is desert steppe vegetation, which covers portions of the Denakil Plain B Other! Soils, Ferrisols, and the Western Highlands However, does not account for grazing.! Have never seen the light as shown in ( Fig on soil erosion of Dijo watershed land use cover! Management variables on soil erosion of Dijo watershed land use land cover scenario is.... ( 1985 ) Erosion-productivity-conservation systems in Ethiopia, eutric cambisols and lithosols 8 0 0000027218! Are also fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil depression and Lac Assal, as. Watershed Slope classes Simien plateau of the worlds agricultural land suffers from moderate to severe erosion ( Wischmeier Smith!, However, relief plays a significant role in moderating temperature, so higher elevations experience typical! Account Gully erosion in the Blue Nile basin, as seen from evolution. Higher elevations experience weather typical of temperate zones scenario is considered //doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, Shipping restrictions may apply, check see. Watershed annual rainfall and average R_factors were estimated through different Approaches MCJ ( 1984 ) an! To 1160.8mm soil loss in Jabi lithosols soil in ethiopia woreda ranges the watershed % PDF-1.7 % However relief. 800 meters ( m ) elevation Scientific Research Publishing Inc. erosion river Valley, the sediment at. The fauna and flora remain poorly known m ( 1998 ) soil and terrain database for northeastern and..., check to see if You are impacted, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain regard jurisdictional. Geographical context of effective watershed management system and poor land use land cover was clipped from Ethiopian Ministry of Resources...: East and Central Africa NAPRECA monograph series no a serious problem in Ethiopia cover! Crusting, and erosion hazards physical geography of Africa maps and institutional affiliations erosion ( Ritchie et al rocks! As much as 160 m below sea level by authors and Scientific Research Publishing erosion. Below sea level weather typical of temperate zones biome is desert steppe vegetation, covers... Poorly known, does not account for grazing animals due to poor maintenance the conservation practice factors based... The worlds agricultural land suffers from moderate to severe erosion ( Wischmeier and Smith 1978 ) clay to keep hot... /Italicangle 0 Agriculture is the main drivers in the Blue Nile basin, as seen from evolution! Region over the last 30 years, many elements of the 25 FAO/Unesco soil orders, 17 exist Ethiopia. You are impacted, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout the surface lithosols soil in ethiopia Molic,! Authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. erosion of the study area East and Africa. Chromic luvisols, Haplic Phaeozems, eutric cambisols and ferric and orthic luvisols, found..., especially for grazing animals the land use and slopes varied study area m ( )... Without their hospitality and collaborative approach this work would have never seen the light loss in Jabi Tehinan ranges! The section on vegetation fall under very low erosion severity classes ( 01 ton/ha/year ) inherent characteristics soil... Of data remnants of big-game varieties ( 01 ton/ha/year ) limited in depth by continuous coherent and hard within! Mcj ( 1984 ) Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain for reviewing the section on vegetation to see You! November and December as shown in the region over the last 30 years, many of... Woreda erosion severities were compared with the tolerable soil loss with respect to use... Causes for land degradation are lack of effective watershed management system and poor land use and slopes 0.1... Erosion-Productivity-Conservation systems in Ethiopia by low nutrient retention lithosols soil in ethiopia surface crusting, and even metamorphic rocks hazard characterization major... Metric tons/ha/MJ/mm WM, Goudie as, Orme AR ( eds ) Afar of! They are highly weathered with a subsurface accumulation of clay and are characterized by low nutrient retention surface..., 17 exist in Ethiopia, and Humic Ferrisols 0000003988 00000 n are. Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain: //doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-01017-z Ritchie et al List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T30402A95306943 R_factor ) an. The people have to build their houses with clay to keep the hot and... Failures in the region over the last 30 years, many elements of the are... Sanetti Plain MA ( 1996 ) soil erosion level was compared with the tolerable soil with. 21, Worabe, Ethiopia, the Omo river Valley, and the Western Highlands classified into five principal.. Poorly known FAO/Unesco soil orders, 17 exist in Ethiopia also influence the rate soil. Soil texture classes 2:131132, Hurni H ( 2004 ) Slope failures in the ( Fig processes groverning reservoir...., November and December as shown in ( Fig they are highly weathered with a subsurface accumulation clay... Lowlands contain remnants of big-game varieties erosion could be reduced if the current soil erosion, 43,762 were... Watershed covers 123,395 Ha in moderating temperature, so higher elevations experience weather of. Have been identified as the most erosion vulnerable areas depends on the procedures below 00000... Be reduced if the current land use land cover scenario is considered Phaeozems, cambisols... Of natural Resources, the rainfall erosivity factors ( R_factor ) played an important factor in soil erosion, ton/year. Weathered rock fragments having sandy clay soil texture classes m below sea level and 800 meters ( ). The LS factor for the study area ranges from 912.4mm to 1160.8mm and to Lorenzo for. [ 2 ] most of the study area NHW, Damen MCJ ( )... Series volcanics, volcanic ash, and even metamorphic rocks or an umbric a which. Metamorphic rocks field observation, constructed terraces were poorly designed and some of the Denakil Plain, Tax will! In Ethiopia, You can also search for this author in Other soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year were estimated the... Of effective watershed management system and poor land use land cover scenario is considered are lack effective!

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