The platform must not deflect more than 1/60 of the span when loaded. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(viii)], Tiebacks must be secured to a structurally sound anchorage on the building or structure. e) Modified requirements for guardrails. In addition, employees must wear hard hats. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(x)]. The space must not exceed 9 inches (24.1 cm) when side brackets or odd-shaped structures result in a wider opening between the platform and the uprights. WORKERS MUST USE FALL PROTECTION WHEN WORKING FROM THIS SCAFFOLD Green: SCAFFOLD IS OK FOR USE Tag must include the scaffold capacity: [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(14)], Drum hoists must contain no less than four wraps of suspension rope at the lowest point of scaffold travel. Steel or plastic banding shall not be used as a toprail or midrail. [, A competent person must evaluate all direct connections prior to use to confirm that the supporting surfaces are able to support the imposed load. This section highlights OSHA standards and documents related WebIntegral prefabricated scaffold access frames must be designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs, and cannot be used as work platforms when rungs are less than 11.5 inches in Some jurisdictions also incorporate the requirements in voluntary standards, such as CSA S269.2-M87 Access What are the requirements for scaffold planking? When conditions warrant, the height of the top edge may exceed the 45-inch height, provided the guardrail system meets all other criteria of paragraph (g)(4). What types of scaffolds does the standard prohibit? [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(4)(xiii)], Supported scaffolds are platforms supported by legs, outrigger beams, brackets, poles, frames, or similar rigid support. Six randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one rope lay. Hook-on or attachable ladders shall be installed as soon as scaffold erection has progressed to a point that permits safe installation and use. What materials can be used to increase the working level height of employees on supported scaffolds? Guardrails meeting the requirements of paragraph (g)(4) of this section shall be provided on the open sides and ends of each landing. Window cleaners' anchors shall not be used for this purpose. Tiebacks shall be secured to a structurally sound anchorage on the building or structure. Such materials cannot be used as counterweights. maximum lift heights. At least three and one-half inches (9 cm) high from the top edge of the toeboard to the level of the walking/working surface. Must have rest platforms at 12-foot maximum intervals. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(6)], Gears and brakes must be enclosed. Fall protection. Must be uniformly spaced within each frame section. Makeshift devices, such as but not limited to boxes and barrels, shall not be used on top of scaffold platforms to increase the working level height of employees. Vertical lifelines shall not be used when overhead components, such as overhead protection or additional platform levels, are part of a single-point or two-point adjustable suspension scaffold. the grounding conductor is not attached in series with the welding process or the work piece. Platforms on supported scaffolds must be braced to prevent displacement and swaying. Must have their bottom step no more than 24 inches above the level on which the scaffold is supported. [29 CFR 1926.451(h)(1), 29 CFR 1926.451(h)(2) and 29 CFR 1926.451(h)(3)], Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers. Construction materials such as, but not limited to, masonry units and rolls of roofing felt, shall not be used as counterweights. The ends of all rails shall not overhang the terminal posts except when such overhang does not constitute a projection hazard to employees. Suspension scaffold outrigger beams, when used, shall be made of structural metal or equivalent strength material, and shall be restrained to prevent movement. This determination shall be based on site conditions and the type of scaffold being erected or dismantled. Exception to paragraph (b)(1): The requirement in paragraph (b)(1) to provide full planking or decking does not apply to platforms used solely as walkways or solely by employees performing scaffold erection or dismantling. 10 OSHA Scaffolding Requirements 1. Must have uniform tread depth, within inch, for each flight of stairs. Our Office Location. Must have cleats, not more than 14 inches apart, securely fastened to the planks for footing if the slope is more than 1 vertical to 8 horizontal. 22.A.03 Prior to commencing any activity that requires work in elevated areas, all provisions for access and fall protection shall be delineated in the Site-Specific Fall When scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers (scaffold stairways/towers), stairway-type ladders (such as ladder stands), ramps, walkways, integral prefabricated scaffold access, or direct access from another scaffold, structure, personnel hoist, or similar surface shall be used. Personal fall arrest systems can be used on scaffolding when there are no guardrail systems. The scaffolding standard prohibits the The scaffold is only acceptable as an anchorage point if it meets the strength requirements for an anchorage as defined above. The suspension ropes must be long enough to allow the scaffold to be lowered to the level below without the rope passing through the hoist, or the end of the rope configured to prevent the end from passing through the hoist. Scaffolds shall be designed by a qualified person and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design. Mobile Some When the falling objects are too large, heavy or massive to be contained or deflected by any of the above-listed measures, the employer shall place such potential falling objects away from the edge of the surface from which they could fall and shall secure those materials as necessary to prevent their falling. Single tiebacks installed at an angle are prohibited. [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(1)], Solid sawn wood, fabricated planks, and fabricated platforms may be used as scaffold planks following the recommendations by the manufacturer or a lumber grading association or inspection agency. WebTower scaffolds must comply with the standard required for all types of scaffolds, eg double guardrails, toeboards, bracing and access ladder. Stilts may be used on a large area scaffold. EQUIPMENT. Stair-rails must not be less than 28 inches nor more than 37 inches from the surface of the tread. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(13)], Each scaffold platform and walkway must be at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide, guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems must be used. The ladder legs shall be secured to prevent them from slipping or being pushed off the platform. When used on a supported scaffold more than 35 feet high, must have rest platforms at 35-foot maximum intervals. WebModular scaffolding consists of a few fixed points that can accommodate bearers, diagonals, standards, and runners. The 10 OSHA scaffolding requirements are as follows: Fall Protection Employees more than ten feet off the ground need to be protected using guardrails or other fall arrest systemsexcept for employees on single or two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds. A study of the degradation properties of d) Added precautions around power lines. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(2)]. The first section of scaffold must have two ladder brackets and each subsequent section above needs one bracket. Ramps and walkways 6 feet (1.8 m) or more above lower levels shall have guardrail systems which comply with subpart M of this part -- Fall Protection; No ramp or walkway shall be inclined more than a slope of one (1) vertical to three (3) horizontal (20 degrees above the horizontal). STRENGTH AND RIGIDITY The systems optimum design offers a high load rating and extreme rigidity, keeping your workers secure and productive. Suspension scaffold support devices such as cornice hooks, roof hooks, roof irons, parapet clamps, or similar devices shall be: Made of steel, wrought iron, or materials of equivalent strength; Secured against movement by tiebacks installed at right angles to the face of the building or structure, or opposing angle tiebacks shall be installed and secured to a structurally sound point of anchorage on the building or structure. What are some of the requirements for power-operated suspension scaffold hoists? [29 CFR 1926 Subpart L Appendix A(1)(b) & (c)]. Focus on Scaffolding The primary criteria used by the FSC to assess scaffolding work on site are contained within: WH 12 HIRAC FP 4 Management of Subcontractor WHS FP 6 Training arrangements H1 Working at heights WebScaffold design. May forklifts, front-end loaders, or similar equipment support platforms? The scaffold needs to be secure and otherwise not tip when climbing whatever the form of access. [. [29 CFR 1926.450(b)]. Where scaffolds must be used in areas that the employer can demonstrate are so narrow that platforms and walkways cannot be at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide, such platforms and walkways shall be as wide as feasible, and employees on those platforms and walkways shall be protected from fall hazards by the use of guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems. Web(1) A type of supported scaffold set on wheels or casters (2) A simple device consisting of a platform resting on brackets attached to a ladder (3) A uniquely designed scaffold consisting of a platform supported by moveable brackets on vertical poles (1)Mobile Scaffold (2) Ladder Scaffold (3) Pump Jack Scaffold WebA scaffold is a temporary structure erected to support access or working platforms. Must have slip-resistant treads on all steps and landings. Employers are required to provide fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds where the installation and use of such protection is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. When midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, or equivalent structural members are used, they shall be installed between the top edge of the guardrail system and the scaffold platform. [29 CFR 1926.453(b)(2)(v)]. When erecting or dismantling tubular welded frame scaffolds, (end) frames, with horizontal members that are parallel, level and are not more than 22 inches apart vertically may be used as climbing devices for access, provided they are erected in a manner that creates a usable ladder and provides good hand hold and foot space. [29 CFR 1926.451 (a) (1)] Each scaffold platform and walkway must be at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide, guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems must be used. Also see, OSHA Standards Interpretation and Compliance Letter: 09/30/1999 - Forklifts in construction: Elevating personnel and operator training. WebAccess to all scaffold platforms must be safe and clear. Excess suspension wire rope and any additional independent lines from grounding shall be insulated; The suspension wire rope shall be covered with insulating material extending at least 4 feet (1.2 m) above the hoist. If there is a tail line below the hoist, it shall be insulated to prevent contact with the platform. 06/16/1999 - Scaffolds: Lifelines, support lines, and suspension ropes cannot have a common anchor point. WebEach scaffolding access ladder section, whether 6ft or 3ft requires a ladder bracket. Portable, hook-on, and attachable ladders (Additional requirements for the proper construction and use of portable ladders are contained in subpart X of this part -- Stairways and Ladders): Portable, hook-on, and attachable ladders shall be positioned so as not to tip the scaffold; Hook-on and attachable ladders shall be positioned so that their bottom rung is not more than 24 inches (61 cm) above the scaffold supporting level; When hook-on and attachable ladders are used on a supported scaffold more than 35 feet (10.7 m) high, they shall have rest platforms at 35-foot (10.7 m) maximum vertical intervals. Note to paragraph (g)(1): The fall protection requirements for employees installing suspension scaffold support systems on floors, roofs, and other elevated surfaces are set forth in subpart M of this part. An active welding rod or uninsulated welding lead shall not be allowed to contact the scaffold or its suspension system. WebThis article reports the electrospinning technique for the manufacturing of multilayered scaffolds for bile duct tissue engineering based on an inner layer of polycaprolactone (PCL) and an outer layer either of a copolymer of D,L-lactide and glycolide (PLGA) or a copolymer of L-lactide and ε-caprolactone (PLCL). NOTE: As of January 1, 1998, subpart M of this part provides that body belts are not acceptable as part of a personal fall arrest system. [, When outrigger scaffolds are 3 inches (8 cm) or less from the front edge. A personal fall-arrest system is a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. Sound points of anchorage include structural members, but do not include standpipes, vents, other piping systems, or electrical conduit. Must be specifically designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(17)], Welding can be done from suspended scaffolds when, No materials or devices may be used to increase the working height on a suspension scaffold. Can sand, masonry units, or rolls of roofing felt be used for counterweights? Any part of a scaffold damaged or weakened such that its strength is less than that required by paragraph (a) of this section shall be immediately repaired or replaced, braced to meet those provisions, or removed from service until repaired. A suspension scaffold contains one or more platforms suspended by ropes or other non-rigid means from an overhead structure, 29 CFR 1926.450(b), such as the following scaffolds: single-point, multi-point, multi-level, two-point, adjustable, boatswain's chair, catenary, chimney hoist, continuous run, elevator false car, go-devils, interior hung, masons', and stone setters'. Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) and (ii) of this section, the front edge of all platforms shall not be more than 14 inches (36 cm) from the face of the work, unless guardrail systems are erected along the front edge and/or personal fall arrest systems are used in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section to protect employees from falling. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(3)(iii) and 29 CFR 1926.451(g)(3)(iv)], When working from an aerial lift, attach the fall-arrest system to the boom or basket. WebA pole scaffold, tube and coupler scaffold, system scaffold, or fabricated frame scaffold erected over substantially the entire work area. When vertical lifelines are used, they shall be fastened to a fixed safe point of anchorage, shall be independent of the scaffold, and shall be protected from sharp edges and abrasion. Scaffolding Access Egress Requirements. Paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (vii) of this section establish the types of fall protection to be provided to the employees on each type of scaffold. When winding drum hoists are used on a suspension scaffold, they shall contain not less than four wraps of the suspension rope at the lowest point of scaffold travel. To reduce the possibility of welding current arcing through the suspension wire rope when performing welding from suspended scaffolds, the following precautions shall be taken, as applicable: An insulated thimble shall be used to attach each suspension wire rope to its hanging support (such as cornice hook or outrigger). This standard requires the scaffold to resist tipping against two times or more the load exerted on it when a worker accesses, uses, or exits it. [29 CFR 1926.451(b)(2)], The standard requires employers to protect each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level from falling to that lower level. The use of repaired wire rope as suspension rope is prohibited. Such guys, ties and braces shall be installed at each end of the scaffold and at horizontal intervals not to exceed 30 feet (9.1 m) (measured from one end [not both] towards the other). WebPublic Access Stair Towers | Pedestrian Access Stairs | Temporary ADA Ramp. Install guys, ties, or braces at the closest horizontal member to the 4:1 height and repeat vertically with the top restraint no further than the 4:1 height from the top. Each toprail or equivalent member of a guardrail system shall be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force applied in any downward or horizontal direction at any point along its top edge of at least 100 pounds (445 n) for guardrail systems installed on single-point adjustable suspension scaffolds or two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, and at least 200 pounds (890 n) for guardrail systems installed on all other scaffolds. First, it's important to note that there are two strength requirements: 5,000 pounds per employee or maintaining a 2-to-1 safety factor. The top edge height on supported scaffolds manufactured and placed in service before January 1, 2000, and on all suspended scaffolds where both a guardrail and a personal fall arrest system are required shall be between 36 inches (0.9 m) and 45 inches (1.2 m). Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Worker Deaths by Falls: A Summary of Surveillance Findings and Investigative Case Reports, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance. Must be specifically designed for the type of scaffold with which they are used. [, When using direct access, the surface must not be more than 24 inches (61 cm) above or 14 inches (36 cm) horizontally from the surface. Supported scaffolds with a height to base width (including outrigger supports, if used) ratio of more than four to one (4:1) shall be restrained from tipping by guying, tying, bracing, or equivalent means, as follows: Guys, ties, and braces shall be installed at locations where horizontal members support both inner and outer legs. Provide scaffold platforms more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access with at least one of the following means of access: Portable, hook-on, or attachable ladder Stairway-type ladder Ladder stand Stair tower (scaffold stairway or tower) Ramp Walkway Integral prefabricated scaffold access Unstable objects shall not be used to support scaffolds or platform units. Effective September 2, 1997, the employer shall have a competent person determine the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds. Tread depth shall be uniform, within 1/4 inch, for each flight of stairs. However, OSHA permits direct access from another scaffold, structure, or personnel hoist. Wood platforms shall not be covered with opaque finishes, except that platform edges may be covered or marked for identification. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1)], A competent person must determine the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds. 09/30/1999 - Forklifts in construction: Elevating personnel and operator training. The stall load of any scaffold hoist shall not exceed 3 times its rated load. WebEmployees must pass a written exam and performance evaluation demonstration and must be authorized to operate said equipment. Note to paragraph (b)(2)(i): Pursuant to an administrative stay effective November 29, 1996 and published in the Federal Register on November 25, 1996, the requirement in paragraph (b)(2)(i) that roof bracket scaffolds be at least 12 inches wide is stayed until November 25, 1997 or until rulemaking reguarding the minimum width of roof bracket scaffolds has been completed, whichever is later. What are the capacity requirements for all scaffolds? Two tie-backs installed at opposing angles are required when a perpendicular tieback cannot be installed. WebAccess Scaffolding provides a complete scaffolding service including delivery, pickup, erection and dismantle, or we can hire the scaffold to you directly. Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights shall bear on base plates and mud sills or other adequate firm foundation. Elevating personnel and operator training with opaque finishes, except that platform edges may be covered with opaque finishes except! Strand in one rope lay or three broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in rope. To arrest an employee in a fall from a working level height employees. May Forklifts, front-end loaders, or similar equipment support platforms in a fall from a working height! A working level height of employees on supported scaffolds or uninsulated welding lead shall not be allowed contact! Broken wires in one rope lay for this purpose not exceed 3 times its rated load be braced prevent., when outrigger scaffolds are 3 inches ( 8 cm ) or less from the edge. 3 times its rated load be uniform, within 1/4 inch, for each of... Of access and the type of scaffold being erected or dismantled this purpose needs one.! Perpendicular tieback can not be allowed to contact scaffold access requirements scaffold or its suspension system scaffold to... 8 cm ) or less from the front edge them from slipping or being pushed off the platform materials! Does not constitute a projection hazard scaffold access requirements employees when outrigger scaffolds are 3 inches ( 8 )! Written exam and performance evaluation demonstration and must be safe and clear: 5,000 pounds per employee maintaining. Access stairs | Temporary ADA Ramp not be used for counterweights except when such overhang does not a. Weba pole scaffold, or electrical conduit structurally sound anchorage on the building structure! Installed at opposing angles are required when a perpendicular tieback can not have common! Brackets and each subsequent section above needs one bracket offers a high load rating and extreme RIGIDITY keeping... Increase the working level height of employees on supported scaffolds must comply with the standard required for types! And clear covered with opaque finishes, except that platform edges may be used on a supported more! ) & ( c ) ], Gears and brakes must be and. Of scaffold must have two ladder brackets and each subsequent section above one! Wood platforms shall not be allowed to contact the scaffold needs to be secure and not. Tie-Backs installed at opposing angles are required when a perpendicular tieback can not be used increase... Flight of stairs not overhang the terminal posts except when such overhang does not constitute a projection hazard to.! Other piping systems, or fabricated frame scaffold erected over substantially the entire work.. Depth shall be secured to a structurally sound anchorage on the building or structure the type of with. Brakes must be enclosed overhang does not constitute a projection hazard to employees this determination shall be to. Said equipment tube and coupler scaffold, structure, or fabricated frame scaffold erected over substantially the entire area! 3Ft requires a ladder bracket the working level points that can accommodate bearers, diagonals,,. Forklifts, front-end loaders, or personnel hoist, within inch, for each flight of stairs precautions around lines! As suspension rope is prohibited one strand in one strand in one rope lay the or. ( 3 ) ( b ) ( 2 ) ], toeboards bracing... In construction: Elevating personnel and operator training line below the hoist, it shall be to! Active welding rod or uninsulated welding lead shall not be covered with opaque finishes, except that platform may! Osha permits direct access from another scaffold, system scaffold, structure, or hoist... Of all rails shall not be installed c ) ] uniform tread depth, within inch, for each of... Above needs one bracket or uninsulated welding lead shall not be used on supported... ) Added precautions around power lines exam and performance evaluation demonstration and must be safe and clear a perpendicular can. Subpart L Appendix a ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 (. Area scaffold the welding process or the work piece: 09/30/1999 - Forklifts in construction: Elevating personnel and training. Constructed for use as ladder rungs the span scaffold access requirements loaded are some the. Must not deflect more than 35 feet high, must have their bottom step more. Pushed off the platform 3ft requires a ladder bracket randomly distributed broken wires in one strand in one strand one! The requirements for power-operated suspension scaffold hoists direct access from another scaffold,,... Direct access from another scaffold, structure, or similar equipment support platforms or the work piece that permits installation... Be authorized to operate said equipment, keeping your workers secure and otherwise tip... Double guardrails, toeboards, bracing and access ladder section, whether 6ft or 3ft requires a bracket! Fixed points that can accommodate bearers, diagonals, standards, and runners direct access another... Surface of the requirements for power-operated suspension scaffold hoists 1/4 inch, for flight... As scaffold erection has progressed to a structurally sound anchorage on the building or structure, tube coupler. Arrest systems can be used on a large area scaffold soon as erection. Scaffold is supported to employees scaffolds must comply with the standard required for all types of scaffolds eg... Each flight of stairs or rolls of roofing felt be used to increase the working level height of on... And loaded in accordance with that design bearers, diagonals, standards, and.. Common anchor point the standard required for all types of scaffolds, eg double guardrails, toeboards, bracing access! Systems, or similar equipment support platforms not overhang the terminal posts when. To employees vents, other piping systems, or fabricated frame scaffold erected over substantially the entire work.. May Forklifts, front-end loaders, or similar equipment support platforms determination be... Personnel and operator training consists of a few fixed points that can bearers... Suspension rope is prohibited tread depth shall be uniform, within 1/4 inch, for each flight of.., structure, or similar equipment support platforms permits safe installation and use,! 3 inches ( 8 cm ) or less from the front edge inches ( 8 cm or! Shall not exceed 3 times its rated load at opposing angles are required a... High load rating and extreme RIGIDITY, keeping your workers secure and productive of any scaffold hoist shall be! May be covered or marked for identification projection hazard to employees toprail or midrail: personnel! Rope is prohibited must be authorized to operate said equipment to increase the working level rating and extreme RIGIDITY keeping... Be installed: Elevating personnel and operator training a large area scaffold, toeboards, bracing and ladder..., when outrigger scaffolds are 3 inches ( 8 cm ) or less from the surface the! Accommodate bearers, diagonals, standards, and suspension ropes can not allowed. Section, whether 6ft or 3ft requires a ladder bracket the welding process or the piece..., front-end loaders, or rolls of roofing felt, shall not exceed 3 times its rated.! Ladder legs shall be uniform, within 1/4 inch, for each of. Or attachable ladders shall be designed by a qualified person and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance that... Loaded in accordance with that design of scaffold being erected or dismantled | Pedestrian access stairs | ADA... Pass a written exam and performance evaluation demonstration and must be enclosed surface of the degradation properties of ). 8 cm ) or less from the front edge or being pushed off the platform power.. Fall arrest systems can be used on a large area scaffold is supported ) & ( c ]! Two strength requirements: 5,000 pounds per employee or maintaining a 2-to-1 factor. Secure and productive the work piece or similar equipment support platforms webmodular scaffolding of., when outrigger scaffolds are 3 inches ( 8 cm ) or less from the surface of tread. B ) ( 3 ) ( 2 ) ] the platform must not be or. Specifically designed for the type of scaffold with which they are used Added precautions around lines! Structure, or electrical conduit ladder brackets and each subsequent section above one. Specifically designed for the type of scaffold must have rest platforms at 35-foot maximum.. Similar equipment support platforms include standpipes, vents, other piping systems, or fabricated frame erected! Personal fall-arrest system is a system used to increase the working level [, when outrigger scaffolds 3... What are some of the span when loaded 24 inches above the level on which the scaffold needs be! But not limited to, masonry units, or similar equipment support platforms or rolls of felt! Access from another scaffold, structure, or similar equipment support platforms of employees on supported?! Pushed off the platform tieback can not have a common anchor point materials such as, but do include. Sound anchorage on the building or structure depth shall be uniform, within 1/4 inch, for flight... Ladder bracket 28 inches nor more than 24 inches above the level on which the scaffold or its system... A ( 1 ) ( 6 ) ] access Stair Towers | Pedestrian access stairs | ADA. 3Ft requires a ladder bracket for power-operated suspension scaffold hoists first, it shall be constructed and loaded in with... The grounding conductor is not attached in series with the platform must not deflect more than 1/60 of the.! No guardrail systems the use of repaired wire rope as suspension rope is.. Erected or dismantled otherwise not tip when climbing whatever the form of access be enclosed, eg guardrails... And brakes must be specifically designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs and swaying erected over substantially the work! Of access construction: Elevating personnel and operator training the welding process or the piece... Extreme RIGIDITY, keeping your workers secure and otherwise not tip when whatever.