Hundreds of editions, translations, and imitations followed, and Evangeline won admiration in Europe (from which Longfellow drew some of his sources) as well as the United States. Henry W. Longfellow, photographed by Mathew Brady, 1859. During his lifetime Longfellow was loved and admired both at home and abroad. He wrote in his journal in 1878: "I have only one desire; and that is for harmony, and a frank and honest understanding between North and South". Even if time has proved him something less than the master poet he never claimed to be, Longfellow made pioneering contributions to American literary life by exemplifying the possibility of a successful authorial career, by linking American poetry to European traditions beyond England, and by developing a surprisingly wide readership for Romantic poetry. [44] The home was built in 1759 and was the headquarters of George Washington during the Siege of Boston beginning in July 1775. Queen Victoria received Longfellow at Windsor Castle; the Prince of Wales invited him as a guest; and he visited with William Gladstone, John Russell, Alfred, Lord Tennyson. [26] In Madrid, he spent time with Washington Irving and was particularly impressed by the author's work ethic. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was one of the most widely known and best-loved American poets of the 19th century. Its appeal to the public was immediate. [10] He published his first poem in the Portland Gazette on November 17, 1820, a patriotic and historical four-stanza poem called "The Battle of Lovell's Pond". Also at age 13 he passed the entrance examinations for Bowdoin College, although his parents chose to have both Henry and Stephen complete their freshman studies at Portland Academy and delay the 20-mile move to Brunswick and the new college until their sophomore year. As he had honored European poets by translating their work into English, he lived to see his own poems translated into 24 languages. [24] He traveled to France, Spain, Italy, Germany, back to France, then to England before returning to the United States in mid-August 1829. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Wadsworth-Longfellow, Academy of American Poets - Biography of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, National Park Service - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Official Site of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Maine: An Encyclopedia - Biography of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Poetry Foundation - Biography of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Henry Wadsworth Longfellow - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Longfellow attended a dame school at the age of three and was enrolled by age six at the private Portland Academy. Help . Priscillas rebuke to the man she chooses as her lover is surely the most familiar line of this dactylic hexameter poem, when she Said, in a tremulous voice, Why dont you speak for yourself, John? The book that supplemented this poem with a group of shorter works sold well (25,000 copies printed in the first two months following its publication) but elicited fewer reviews than Evangeline or Hiawatha. He was also the first American to translate Dante Alighieri's The Divine Comedy and was one of the five members of the group known as the . [101] Many of the metaphors that he used in his poetry came from legends, mythology, and literature. I'm gwine." Previous boarders included Jared Sparks, Edward Everett, and Joseph Emerson Worcester. The family occupied the first brick house in Portland, built by the general and still maintained as a literary shrine to its most famous occupant. Learn. . . According to Charvat, by shrewd, aggressive, and intelligent management of the business of writing, he raised the commercial value of verse and thereby helped other American poets to get out of the garret. [65] Both accounts state that Frances was taken to her room to recover, and a doctor was called. This collection consisted of narrative poems composed in a great variety of metric patterns. 'Farewell! Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. "[138] Twentieth-century poet Lewis Putnam Turco concluded that "Longfellow was minor and derivative in every way throughout his career nothing more than a hack imitator of the English Romantics. Both seaside and fireside come together in The Fire of Drift-Wood, a mood piece employing imagery of light and warmth drawn from shipwreck as a metaphor for intuited estrangement among friends. But parody did nothing to undermine the success of the book; even more marketable than Evangeline, Hiawatha sold 50,000 copies by 1860 and earned 7,000 dollars in royalties in its first decade. Corn Laws abolished Henry Mayhew's London Labour and the London Poor begins publication in The Morning Chronicle (two volumes published 1852; four volumes 1862) Charles Dickens's David Copperfield begins serial publication (volume publication 1850) . In turn, he received homage from practitioners of other arts: composers set many of his poems to music, and artists illustrated many of his scenes. But, in fact, Smith had many of the same worries about commercial society that Rousseau did and . Mrs. How many languages did Henry Wadsworth Longfellow speak? It was probably the most celebrated American poem of the century. Hoffmann, and Novalis (Friedrich von Hardenberg)that awakened a new sense of poetry as emotional expression. His works are still regularly anthologised after nearly a century and a half. He told her that it was not. In 1854 he resigned his Harvard professorshippartly because of his eyesight, partly for relief from academic pressures and contention with the university corporation on behalf of his department, but probably most of all because he found he could support his household on the strength of his poetry and desired more opportunity for writing. From holiday poems to quiet spiritual reflections, these poems and articles celebrate the interweaving of Jewish faith, cultural traditions, and literary history. 8.8.8.8. He did not cross the threshold, did not offer me his hand,only took off his cap, saying, with a traitorous falter in his voice, "God bless yer, Missis! [127] Poet Walt Whitman considered him an imitator of European forms, but he praised his ability to reach a popular audience as "the expressor of common themesof the little songs of the masses". The book appeared in late October and was in its sixth edition by mid-January. [119] In the last two decades of his life, he often received requests for autographs from strangers, which he always sent. [18] He published nearly 40 minor poems between January 1824 and his graduation in 1825. Again, Longfellow coped with sorrow by plunging himself into literary workthis time of an intensely challenging sort. He was an excellent student whose skill in languages led the trustees at Bowdoin (of which his father was one) to offer the young graduate a professorship of modern languages. His model was Washington Irving, to whom he was introduced while in Spain, and Longfellow envisaged putting his experience to Irvingesque literary use. Longfellows achievements in fictional and nonfictional prose, in a striking variety of poetic forms and modes, and in translation from many European languages resulted in a remarkably productive and influential literary career. 1385 likes. He toured Europe between 1826 and 1829, and upon returning, went on to become the first professor of modern . Other libraries with Longfellow materials include the Bowdoin College Library; the Massachusetts Historical Society; the Boston Public Library; the Pierpont Morgan Library; the Berg Collection, New York Public Library; the Library of Congress; the Clifton Wallen Barrett Library, University of Virginia; the Henry E. Huntington Library; the Parkman Dexter Howe Library, University of Florida; and the University of Washington Library. After graduating from Bowdoin College, he traveled . Now he plunged into work, translating at the rate of a canto a day. [114] Longfellow's friend Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. wrote of him as "our chief singer" and one who "wins and warms kindles, softens, cheers [and] calms the wildest woe and stays the bitterest tears! On the advice of George Ticknor of Harvard, Longfellow decided to add German to French, Spanish, and Italian. Among his most significant works are "A Psalm of Life" (1839), "The Village Blacksmith" (1842), "Paul Revere's Ride" (1861), and the book-length poems Evangeline (1847) and Song of Hiawatha (1855). [91], Much of Longfellow's work is categorized as lyric poetry, but he experimented with many forms, including hexameter and free verse. Solo or group recordings that are finished and fully available for listeners. [31] Shortly after the book's publication, Longfellow attempted to join the literary circle in New York and asked George Pope Morris for an editorial role at one of Morris's publications. His father was a lawyer, and his maternal grandfather was Peleg Wadsworth, a general in the American Revolutionary War and a Member of Congress. Wadsworth-Longfellow House, 487 Congress Street, Portland, was built by Longfellow's grandfather, General Pelage Wadsworth, in 1785-86. New Critics looked for ironies, ambiguities, and complexities not discoverable in Longfellows work and rejected the didactic conclusions he typically tacked onto his poems. [105], He was important as a translator; his translation of Dante became a required possession for those who wanted to be a part of high culture. Wife of Poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Fanny Longfellow (1817-1861), wife of poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, was a skilled artist and was well-read in many subjects. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's "The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere" and Samuel Taylor Coleridge's "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" exemplify this form. literary; his mother often read to him and his father supplied him with many books How many languages did Longfellow speak? He was awarded an honorary doctorate of laws from Harvard in 1859. After a brief period of boarding on Professors Row in Cambridge, Longfellow found lodging in the Craigie mansion on Brattle Street, occupying the room that had once been George Washingtons headquarters. When he died of phlebitis less than a month after his 75th birthday and only a few days after completing The Bells of San Blas, Longfellow left an estate worth 356,320 dollars to his children and grandchildren, with weekly book sales amounting to 1,000 copies. The next decade proved one of leave-takings for Longfellow but also of exceptional accomplishment. A translation of this work had been among his goals when teaching Dante at Harvard, and he had translated small parts of the poem in the early 1840s. He suffered from neuralgia, which caused him constant pain, and he had poor eyesight. The poem exalts and exocitizes Native Americans and assumes the obliteration of indigenous ways of life. [77] Longfellow was very quiet, reserved, and private; in later years, he was known for being unsocial and avoided leaving home.[144]. In 1845, he published The Poets and Poetry of Europe, an 800-page compilation of translations made by other writers, including many by his friend and colleague Cornelius Conway Felton. Fate, however, intervened to protect him from the bar. Request a transcript here. At present, however, Longfellow has been relegated to the status of an historically interesting minor poet whose poems occupy only a few pages in recent anthologies and do so in ways that obscure the reasons for his original popularity. Longfellow HouseWashington's Headquarters National Historic Site, Category:Novels by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Category:Poetry by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, "Family relationship of Richard Warren and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow via Richard Warren", "Direct Ancestors of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow", "Value of 1826 dollars today | Inflation Calculator", "Longfellow Park (U.S. National Park Service)", Poems by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and biography at PoetryFoundation.org, Works by or about Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: Profile and Poems at Poets.org, Public Poet, Private Man: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow at 200, Longfellow's Translation of Dante rendered side by side with that of Cary and Norton, Famous Quotations by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow&oldid=1136535888, This page was last edited on 30 January 2023, at 20:47. Although the title character, the liberal-minded young minister of a rural New England church, is the central figure of a love triangle involving two close female friends, Cecilia Vaughan and Alice Archer, Longfellow probably took more interest in the schoolmaster, whose literary ambitions are continually frustrated by the press of teaching, fatherhood, and demands made on his time by an aspiring poetess. [107] In honor of his role with translations, Harvard established the Longfellow Institute in 1994, dedicated to literature written in the United States in languages other than English. Cookouts, fireworks, and history lessons recounted in poems, articles, and audio. [11] He studied at the Portland Academy until age 14. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow [1807-1882] was probably the most influential American poet of the 19th Century. by. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow is born on 27 February in Portland, Maine, the second of eight children of the lawyer Stephen Longfellow and his wife, Zilpah Wadsworth Longfellow. [126], Margaret Fuller judged Longfellow "artificial and imitative" and lacking force. [66] Longfellow published his epic poem Evangeline for the first time a few months later on November 1, 1847. Longfellow's popularity rapidly declined, beginning shortly after his death and into the 20th century, as academics focused attention on other poets such as Walt Whitman, Edwin Arlington Robinson, and Robert Frost. [36] Longfellow published several nonfiction and fiction prose pieces in 1833 inspired by Irving, including "The Indian Summer" and "The Bald Eagle". Birth Year: 1807. The professorship was not created and Longfellow agreed to continue teaching at Bowdoin. Classic and contemporary poems for the holiday season. When did Henry Wadsworth Longfellow say music is the universal language of mankind? from. That poem appeared in one of those assemblages of short poems, identified as Birds of Passage, that Longfellow introduced in The Courtship of Miles Standish and Other Poems and returned to frequently in subsequent volumes. 1909-14. Back at Bowdoin in his new role, Longfellow felt stultified in a college atmosphere so different from what he had experienced at Gttingen and stifled by the provincial atmosphere of Brunswick. The Warning, written last but drawn in part from his Harvard Phi Beta Kappa poem, concluded this slim volume with the image of a poor, blind Samson in this land capable someday of shaking the pillars of this Commonweal, / Till the vast Temple of our liberties / A shapeless mass of wreck and rubbish lies. The book pleased abolitionist readers such as Longfellows good friend Charles Sumner and the New England Anti-Slavery Tract Society, which Longfellow allowed to reprint and distribute the volume free of royalties; it puzzled other friends such as Hawthorne, however, and called attention to its authors lively interest in public issues that rarely found direct expression in his poetry. Born on February 27 46. He entered Bowdoin College at the age of 15, and one of his classmates was Nathaniel Hawthorne; the two would remain lifelong friends. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Among the shorter poems of his late career, Longfellows sonnets are especially prized. [132] A more modern critic said, "Who, except wretched schoolchildren, now reads Longfellow? "There are things of which I may not speak; There are dreams that cannot die; tags: poetry. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote sixteen volumes of poetry, including some long poems. In Switzerland, France, Italy, Austria, and Germany he was welcomed and honored. " I Heard the Bells on Christmas Day " is a Christmas carol based on the 1863 poem "Christmas Bells" by American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Learn about the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and his biography, poems, and critical reception. [95] As he says, "what a writer asks of his reader is not so much to like as to listen". The world, he concluded with characteristic serenity, belongs to those who come the last, / They will find hope and strength as we have done.. Longfellow attended private schools and the Portland Academy. Henry is an American . Damaetas 4. Longfellow had become one of the first American celebrities and was popular in Europe. "End of Evangeline, by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow." There should be 5 seconds silence at the end of the recording, or 10 seconds for files longer than 30 minutes. The schoolchildren of Cambridge, Massachusetts presented him in 1879 with a chair carved from the wood of the spreading chestnut-tree immortalized in The Village Blacksmith. His picture appeared among Our American Poets in classrooms across the United States, thanks to Fieldss success in placing Longfellow, Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Greenleaf Whittier, James Russell Lowell, and Oliver Wendell Holmes in textbooks that established canonical readings for many decades. The volume In the Harbor, Ultima ThulePart 2 came out just after his death in 1882 and included his final composition, The Bells of San Blas (1882). 4.33 avg rating 57 ratings. Page III CONTENTS. [54] His friend George Stillman Hillard encouraged him in the pursuit: "I delight to see you keeping up so stout a heart for the resolve to conquer is half the battle in love as well as war". She named this second son among her eight children for her brother, Henry Wadsworth, who had died in Tripoli harbor in 1804. [9] There Longfellow met Nathaniel Hawthorne who became his lifelong friend. In 1872 Three Books of Song presented the second part of Tales of a Wayside Inn along with Judas Maccabeus and a group of translations. 6 Oct 1779 in New Ipswich, NH, d. 14 Jul 1861 in Boston, Suffolk Co., MA, and Maria Theresa Gold b. In 1831, he married Mary Potter, and they went on an extended tour of Europe. His travel sketches, Outre-Mer (1835), did not succeed. Still committed to the native writers of the United States, he wrote a July 1837 review in praise of Hawthornes Twice-Told Tales (1837) even as he turned his own ambitions back toward the writing of poetry. He followed this work with two fragmentary dramatic poems, Judas Maccabaeus and Michael Angelo. But his genius was not dramatic, as he had demonstrated earlier in The Spanish Student (1843). Longfellow returned to the United States in 1836 and took up the professorship at Harvard. For immediate publication, in three months beginning late in 1857 he composed the title poem for The Courtship of Miles Standish and Other Poems (1858). Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's response to the reelection of Abraham Lincoln in 1864 is a timely reminder of how, while they all matter, some presidential elections matter much more than others. An apocryphal story claims that college trustee Benjamin Orr had been impressed by Longfellow's translation of Horace and hired him under the condition that he travel to Europe to study French, Spanish, and Italian. A revised edition of Hyperion followed in 1869. Driven by the need for spiritual relief, he translated The Divine Comedy by Dante, producing one of the most notable translations to that time, and wrote six sonnets on Dante that are among his finest poems. Family tree of Henry WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW. Answer and Explanation: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow had six children. He dug through the past for stories that could could speak to his time, or that could act as cultural containers of collective memory. See answer (1) Copy. [28] While in Spain, Longfellow was saddened to learn that his favorite sister Elizabeth had died of tuberculosis at the age of 20 that May. Elected to the Peucinian Society, he mixed with the academically ambitious students of the college (more serious than his brother or than classmates Nathaniel Hawthorne, Franklin Pierce, and Horatio Bridgeall belonging to the Athenean Society). [108], In 1874, Longfellow oversaw a 31-volume anthology called Poems of Places which collected poems representing several geographical locations, including European, Asian, and Arabian countries. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born on 27 February 1807, the second child of eight born to Zilpah ne Wadsworth (1778-1851) and lawyer Stephen Longfellow (1775-1849) in the city of Portland, Maine. Many of Longfellows efforts now took dramatic form, although none proved suitable for staging. She married Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (poet, buried at this cem.) Wiki User. Can you blame him? His second wife, Frances Appleton, died in 1861 after sustaining burns when her dress caught fire. Again, he sought solace by flinging himself into his work. Six children were born to the coupleCharles, Ernest, Fanny, Alice, Edith, and Anne Allegra. That book also featured The Hanging of the Crane (1874), which had been Longfellows most remunerative poem when The New York Ledger paid him 3,000 dollars for its serial publication earlier that same year. The most sustained and challenging project Longfellow undertook in this period of bereavement was his blank-verse translation of The Divine Comedy. Pegasus in Pound (1846), by contrast, offers a humorous rebuke to the pragmatic, materialistic Yankee culture that confined arts winged steed and handled him as a piece of property. At college he was attracted especially to Sir Walter Scotts romances and Washington Irvings Sketch Book, and his verses appeared in national magazines. American advantage: a teacher of the year urges us not to squander the gift of many languages That was the Iroquoian Hiawatha--the real Hiawatha, if you will--until Henry Wadsworth Longfellow came along and published The Song of Hiawatha in 1855. Longfellow himself recognized that most of his poems belonged to the imitative rather than the imaginative school of art that his spokesman Paul Flemming distinguished in Hyperion. Hoffmann,Hans Christian Andersen,William Butler Yeats,Henry van Dyke,Leo . In July 1843 he married Frances Appleton; her father presented the couple with Craigie House as his wedding gift. [25] While overseas, he learned French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and German, mostly without formal instruction. All were the children of his second wife, Fanny. The trustees raised his salary to $800 with an additional $100 to serve as the college's librarian, a post which required one hour of work per day. [137] In the 20th century, literary scholar Kermit Vanderbilt noted: "Increasingly rare is the scholar who braves ridicule to justify the art of Longfellow's popular rhymings. It is a sentimental tale of two lovers separated when British soldiers expel the Acadians (French colonists) from what is now Nova Scotia. Two notable exceptions are dedicated to the death of members of his family. The same lesson might well have applied to the offspring of his imagination that he applied in A Shadow (1875) when wondering how his and Fannys children would fare in lives So full of beauty and so full of dread, however unpredictable. His continuing concerns about the place of poetry in American culture emerged, however, in his 1832 review essay on a new edition of Sir Philip Sidneys A Defence of Poetry, in which Longfellow argued that the true glory of a nation consists not in the extent of its territory, the pomp of its forests, the majesty of its rivers, the height of its mountains, and the beauty of its sky; but in the extent of its mental power,the majesty of its intellect,the height and depth and purity of its moral nature. My . Each new book extended his fame, and he was bombarded with invitations for literary contributions and for autographs. / Sail on, O UNION, strong and great! President Abraham Lincoln, hearing these lines recited in the midst of the Civil War, is reported to have wept before remarking, It is a wonderful gift to be able to stir men like that. He once attended a ball without her and noted, "The lights seemed dimmer, the music sadder, the flowers fewer, and the women less fair. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Flower-de-Luce, a small book of 12 short poems, came out in 1867 with its elegy for Hawthorne and sonnets on Dante. Out of the bosom of the Air, Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken, Over the woodlands brown and bare, Over the harvest-fields forsaken, Silent, and soft, and slow Descends the snow. [96], As a very private man, Longfellow did not often add autobiographical elements to his poetry. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote, "Music is the universal language of mankind.". [80] The full three-volume translation was published in the spring of 1867, but Longfellow continued to revise it. Eight children for her brother, Henry van Dyke, Leo poems of his family flinging himself into workthis! 11 ] he studied at the rate of a canto a day articles from Britannica for! By translating their work into English, he spent time with Washington and... 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As his wedding gift Irving and was in its sixth edition by mid-January Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and school... 19Th century, Judas Maccabaeus and Michael Angelo at the age of three and was enrolled age..., Edward Everett, and audio [ 66 ] Longfellow published his epic poem for. The professorship at Harvard to protect him from the bar workthis time of an challenging. W. Longfellow, photographed by Mathew Brady, 1859 book appeared in late October and was its. The children of his family by plunging himself into his work to recover and! Poetry, including some long poems 1, 1847, Judas Maccabaeus Michael! Of a canto a day except wretched schoolchildren, now reads Longfellow Longfellow agreed to continue teaching at Bowdoin in. Poet of the first time a few months later on November 1, 1847 book of 12 short,... Nearly a century and a doctor was called by age six at rate... Death of members of his second wife, Fanny Sparks, Edward Everett, and a doctor was.! 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