Excluded under most definitions of Oceania are the Pacific landmasses of Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands, and the Japanese archipelago, which are all on the margins of Asia, as well as the Aleutian Islands and other Alaskan or Canadian islands. [94] In his 1846 book A Universal Pronouncing Gazetteer, author Thomas Baldwin wrote that Oceania includes Australia and Pacific islands which "are considered, from their proximity, not to belong to the continents of Asia or America." It further states, "In its broadest definition Oceania embraces all islands and island groups of the Pacific Ocean that lie between Asia and the two American continents. The book stated, "this definition of Oceania might seem too restrictive: Why not include Australia, for example, or even too broad, for what does Highland New Guinea have to do with Hawai'i? [410], The cuisine of Hawaii is a fusion of many foods brought by immigrants to the Hawaiian Islands, including the earliest Polynesians and native Hawaiians, and American, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Polynesian, and Portuguese origins. Afghanistan , Albania , Algeria , American Samoa , Andorra , Angola , Anguilla , Antigua and Barbuda , Argentina , Armenia , Aruba , Australia , Austria , Az. [387] New Zealand is identified as one of the world's most stable and well-governed states,[388][389] with high government transparency and among the lowest perceived levels of corruption.[390]. [91] British physician and ethnologist James Cowles Prichard claimed in 1847 that the Aleutian Islands and the Kuril Islands form "the northern boundary of this fifth region of the world, and with the coasts of Asia and America completing its literal termination." The highest increase in Australia was recorded in 1971 with 3.44 percent. It is characterized by numerous endemic species, such as the Koala bear, the Kangaroo, the famous Tasmanian devil, the platypus and the broom-tailed possum. . In the late 20th century, some scholars theorized a long period of interaction, which resulted in many complex changes in genetics, languages, and culture among the peoples. Currently operating APSTAR-5C, APSTAR-6C, APSTAR-7, APSTAR-9, and APSTAR-6D (operated by associated company APSatcom), APT Satellites has a satellite fleet covering Asia (including the Middle East), Oceania, Europe, and Africa, where 75% of the world's population lives. These are: Guam, Hawaii, Christmas Island, Easter Island, Norfolk Island, Cocos Islands, Cook Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Pitcairn Islands, United States Minor Outlying Islands, French Polynesia, American Samoa, Wallis and Fortuna, Niue, New Caledonia, and Tokelau. "[49] Others have labelled it as the "liquid continent". [426] Art of Oceania properly encompasses the artistic traditions of the people indigenous to Australia and the Pacific Islands. [405] The first settlers introduced British food to the continent, much of which is now considered typical Australian food, such as the Sunday roast. Australia and New Guinea have importantmining deposits that allowheavy industryandmetals, while New Zealand takes advantage of its lakes for the generation of hydroelectric power, thus promoting its industrialization. Santa Cruz, a population located in Remote Oceania, is an anomaly with extreme frequencies of autochthonous haplogroups of Near Oceanian origin. [214] On 29 April, Cook and crew made their first landfall on the mainland of the continent at a place now known as the Kurnell Peninsula. Since 1945, more than 7 million people have settled in Australia. The total population of Oceania minus mainland Australia is about 18 million. [230][231], Micronesia, which lies north of the equator and west of the International Date Line, includes the Mariana Islands in the northwest, the Caroline Islands in the center, the Marshall Islands to the west and the islands of Kiribati in the southeast. [215], In 1789, the mutiny on the Bounty against William Bligh led to several of the mutineers escaping the Royal Navy and settling on Pitcairn Islands, which later became a British colony. Examples include Banaba (formerly Ocean Island) and Makatea in the Tuamotu group of French Polynesia. "[140], American marine geologist Anthony A. P. Koppers wrote in the 2009 book Encyclopedia of Islands that, "as a whole, the islands of the Pacific Region are referred to as Oceania, the tenth continent on earth. Disagreement also exists over whether or not Indonesia, the Philippines and Taiwan should be included in Oceania. Olney divided up Oceania into three groups; Australasia (which included Australia, New Guinea and New Zealand), Malesia and Polynesia (which included the combined islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia in his definition). [13], The first settlers of Australia, New Guinea, and the large islands just to the east arrived more than 60,000 years ago. Description . Webster broke Oceania up into two subdivisions; the continental group, which included Australia, the Japanese archipelago, the Malay archipelago and Taiwan, and the oceanic group, which included New Zealand and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. In Whitely, David S.. Australia and New Zealand were grouped together by Flick as Australasia, and categorized as being in the same area of the world as the islands of Oceania. [227], Oceanian islands are of four basic types: continental islands, high islands, coral reefs and uplifted coral platforms. Median Age: age that divides the population into two numerically equal groups: half of the people are older than the median age indicated and half are younger. Indeed, these categories Polynesians, Micronesians, Melanesians became so deeply entrenched in Western anthropological thought that it is difficult even now to break out the mould in which they entrap us (. 4. [437][438][439][440] Rugby union is the most popular sport among New Zealanders,[441] and they are tied with South Africa for the most Rugby World Cup titles, having won the tournament three times. [236][237], The Pacific Plate, which makes up most of Oceania, is an oceanic tectonic plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean. [74], French writer Gustave d'Eichthal remarked in 1844 that, "the boundaries of Oceania are in reality those of the great ocean itself. The islands are continental crust fragments thrusted away from Australia, caused by breakup of the eastern margin of Gondwanaland. the U.S.A. ranks number 3 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by population. 75 million. "[112], The 1876 book The Countries of the World: Volume 4, by British scientist and explorer Robert Brown, labelled the Malay archipelago as Northwestern Oceania, but Brown still noted that these islands belonged more to the Asian continent. There are six cities in Oceania with a population of more than one million inhabitants: Sydney (Australia): 5.3 million inhabitants Melbourne (Australia): 4 million inhabitants Brisbane (Australia): 2 million inhabitants Perth (Australia): 2 million inhabitants Auckland (New Zealand): 1.6 million inhabitants [224][225] The United States fought the Battle of Guam from 21 July to 10 August 1944, to recapture the island from Japanese military occupation. In popular usage, however, the designation has a more restricted application. What Is The Population Of Oceania? List of continents by gdp per capita. There is also a presence of the Orthodox Church,Buddhism,Islamand the Hindi religion, especially in Fiji. [189], They reached Tasmania c. 40,000 years ago by migrating across a land bridge from the mainland that existed during the last ice age. [72] In a 2008 article for the India Quarterly journal titled Oceania and Security: A Perspective from New Zealand, author Peter Cozens stated, "the region of Oceania is characterised by vast distances across the sea between continental land masses [] It is difficult to be precise about the term Oceania and its exact delimitation", adding that "the principal regional political grouping is contained within the Pacific Island Forum (PIF) - the 16 states making up the Forum are: Australia, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu - in general terms this is the area referred to as Oceania by the United Nations and similar agencies. [38] The islands, now politically associated with Alaska, have historically had inhabitants that were related to Indigenous Americans, in addition to having non-tropical biogeography similar to that of Alaska and Siberia. [182][183], The Bonin Islands are in the same biogeographical realm as the geographically adjacent Micronesia, and are often grouped in with the subregion because of this. [381], New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy,[382] although its constitution is not codified. Oceanian International Area subsection dedicated to genetics and anthropological discussions pertaining to the following countries or islands: Hawaii, Tuvalu, Walls and Futuna, Tokelau, Samoa, American Samoa, Cook Islands, Niue, French Polynesia, Pitcairn Islands, Easter Island [196], The earliest archaeological traces of civilization have been found on the island of Saipan, dated to 1500 BCE or slightly before. [367], Tourism in Australia is an important component of the Australian economy. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). It additionally commented, "it is certainly not necessary to consider the Hawaiian Islands and Australia as being in the same part of the world, it is however permissible to unite in one group all the islands which are scattered over the great ocean. Oceania, group of islands in the North Pacific Ocean, southeast of the Philippines. [64][123][321] There are also Creoles formed from the interaction of Malay or the colonial languages with indigenous languages, such as Tok Pisin, Bislama, Chavacano, various Malay trade and creole languages, Hawaiian Pidgin, Norfuk, and Pitkern. On 1 May 1979, in recognition of the evolving political status of the Marshall Islands, the United States recognized the constitution of the Marshall Islands and the establishment of the Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Two countries are on the list of the world's top 50 fastest-growing nations. It is held every four years and began in 1963. 1.004 (1,004 males per 1,000 females) which is lower than global sex ratio. In 2011, Hawaii saw increasing arrivals and share of foreign tourists from Canada, Australia, and China increasing 13%, 24% and 21% respectively from 2010. "Australia". Between c. 3000 and 1000 BCE, speakers of Austronesian languages began spreading from Taiwan into Island South-East Asia,[200][201][202] as tribes whose natives were thought to have arrived through South China c. 8,000 years ago to the edges of western Micronesia and on into Melanesia. The most popular overall sport in Australia is cricket, with their national team having won the Cricket World Cup a record five times. Piramide della popolazione: Oceania - 1986. At 103million square kilometres (40,000,000sqmi), it is the largest tectonic plate. Subregions in Oceania. Population Pyramids: OCEANIA - 2022. "[19], Thomas Sebeok's two volume 1971 book Linguistics in Oceania defines Easter Island, the Galpagos Islands, the Juan Fernndez Islands, Costa Rica's Cocos Island and Colombia's Malpelo Island (all oceanic)[122] as making up a Spanish language segment of Oceania. "[100] Ross further wrote, "and to this vast region the term Oceania has been applied. [234], Polynesia, stretching from Hawaii in the north to New Zealand in the south, also encompasses Tuvalu, Tokelau, Samoa, Tonga, and the Kermadec Islands to the west, the Cook Islands, Society Islands and Austral Islands in the center, and the Marquesas Islands, the Tuamotus, Mangareva Islands, and Easter Island to the east. Their definition does not include all of Australia's external territories, but is otherwise the same as the UN's definition, and is also used for statistical purposes. Despite centuries of European influence, Samoa maintains its historical customs, social and political systems, and language. [89] His definition of Polynesia included both Easter Island and Hawaii, which had not yet been annexed by either Chile or the United States. James, R.E., 1947. By their definition, Near Oceania consists of New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands, with the exception of Santa Cruz Islands. She excluded Hawaii from her definition, but not Easter Island. The term, in its widest sense, embraces the entire insular region between Asia and the Americas. The ninth season of the reality TV series Survivor was filmed on Vanuatu, entitled Survivor: Vanuatu Islands of Fire. Oceania, collective name for the islands scattered throughout most of the Pacific Ocean. Immigrants brought their own languages to the region, such as Mandarin, Hindi, Italian, Arabic, Portuguese, Polish, German, Spanish, Russian, Korean, Cantonese and Greek, among many others, namely in Australia and New Zealand,[322] or Fiji Hindi in Fiji. [406][407] Multicultural immigration transformed Australian cuisine; post-World War II European migrants, particularly from the Mediterranean, helped to build a thriving Australian coffee culture, and the influence of Asian cultures has led to Australian variants of their staple foods, such as the Chinese-inspired dim sim and Chiko Roll. 200 million. Pain, C.F., Villans, B.J., Roach, I.C., Worrall, L. & Wilford, J.R. (2012): Old, flat and red Australia's distinctive landscape. According to the Act of Papua Autonomy (Undang-Undang Otonomi Khusus bagi Provinsi Papua) section 2 verse 2, the province itself has its own flag and arms, similar to other provinces. Wallis and Futuna Islands would have the lowest population growth rate of -1.35%, which is also the lowest in the world. The number of its inhabitants is approximately 34,300,000 (according to the 2010 census), a figure that is increasing due to the substantial difference in the birth rate (21%) and death rate (9%). Find the Countries of Europe - No Outlines Minefield. The majority of people living in Australia work in health care, retail and education sectors. [451], Vanuatu is the only country in Oceania to call association football its national sport. The main continental landmass of Oceania is Australia. [165] Conversely, New Caledonia has still had a similar history to the rest of Melanesia, and their French-speaking Europeans make up only 27% of the total population. Performs special/invasive radiology procedures on patients ensuring compliance with all radiation safety procedures: prepares patients for exam, explains procedure, administers contrast when necessary, positions patients for the exam, selects appropriate imaging techniques, and ensures technical quality of the images. The Tasman Sea, and part of Zealandia then locked together with Australia to form the Australian Plate (40 Ma), and a new plate boundary was created between the Australian Plate and Pacific Plate. 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